Private Funding

·       Sponsorships - are also a common source of funding. When producing a program, sponsors will help the production house cater for much of the costs or the services requires from the program .

·       Eg a kitchen as a gift will be sponsored by a furniture company .

·       This helps TV shows being entertaining and without the need of investing the money in gifts for instance themselves.

·       Subscription fees are paid to a service provider like Melita, and Mediaset Premium .

·       This is very common with cabel and digital tv and it allows the showing of various different channels.

·       Private  tv stations are paid by the company offering these tv stations .They are paid partly by the subscriptions begin paid by the subscribers.

·       Service providers may or may not offer different packages catered to people with different needs.

·       Pay-per-view is a system where users pay only for what they watch. They would generally be subscribed to a service provider .

·       Eg skyTv through sky box office ,allows users to choose the movies  they watch , and only paying for  those movies

·       Netflix is a web pay per view system where users can pay and download movies they want to watch on their Internet Tv, xbox 360 or PS3.

·       It’s a private entity but not considered a traditional broadcaster as it operates online.It also challenges commercial broadcasting.

Television

·       Community tv is different in concept from Public Service and commercial Broadcasting

·       It is open to participation from the community it represents.

·       Like Psb its aim is to give aa good public service but not to a whole country ,but rather to a small community ,but rather to a small community 

eg :

·       Region

·       Town

·       Ethnic group

·       Foreigners living in a country

Ø Like commercial broadcasting ,it is provate ,controlled by a dew people .However community tv’s ai, is not to make profit, but rather to survive and keep doing its service

Ø In fact some of the programs they produce are done from the producers pockets.

Ø Community TV is generally Voluntary .A perfect example of community radio would be Radio BKR .All workers there are volunteers and the station caters for people from B’Kara.

o  For funding ,community TV might depend on :

o  Grants by the government or the EU

o  Sponsorship (promotional messages during programs)

o  Volunteers money –local fundraising events

o  Part of the licence fee paid (community in Germany)

o  Indirect Public Funding

Ø  In Malta Community Media relies mostly on advertising

·       Community Tv in Malta includes the previous UTV

·       Its aim was to promote and broadcast television programmes based on theological content  and Roman Catholic principles.

·       Commmunity C is most established in Denmark with 110 Community stations.

·       Corporations (INC) are companies which have separate legal entity .They can even be convicted for criminal offences.

·       America houses what Is called THE BIG SIX which are same og the biggest multinational companies in the world.

The biggest media conglomerates in the world are :

· The Walt Disney company

· Time Warner

· News corporation

· Viacom

· CBS

· GE (General Electric)

Private Ownership

Foreign Tv Stations;

·      Media set

·      Cartoon Newwork

·      Discovery

·      ABC

·      France 24

·      Nickelodeon

·      CBS

·      Comedy centrial

·      Euro Sport

·      Eurosnews

·      CNBC

·      FOOD network

·      Disney channel

·      E!

·      Bloomberg

·      Sky

·      Al-Jazeera

·      Bravo

·      E4

·      Mtv

Tv Studios;

 

·      DHBO

·      Pinewood

·      Shepparton

·      Teddington

·      Fox

·      Asm

·      NBC studious

·      CBS S studio Centre

·      NBS universal Studio

·      Disney Studios

·      KCAL

 

Private Ownership

The film industry is mainly split up in two:

-          Mainstream film industry

-          Independent film industry

These both form part of the private sector!

Mainstream film industry

-     The mainstream film industry is involved in the production and distribution of the films we are used to watch at the cinemas. These include Avatar, Die Hard, Titanic, Barman, and Inception.

-    These movies are generally distributed, but not necessarily produced by the biggest Film Studios, which are many times multinational companies. 

-    Some of the biggest studios in this business include:

o   Walt Disney

o   Warner Bors Pictures

o   Paramount Pictures

o   Universal

o   Sony Pictures

o   20^th Century Fox

Independent Film Industry

-     The independent film industry is made up of private companies that also produce and distribute movies that are many times not so popular as the ones done mainstream, due to budget constraints.

-    Prominent directors who have worked independently include Quentin Tarantino, Gregg Araki.

Funding in Mainstream Film

-     When we mention 20^th Century Fox or Warner Brothers, we might think that they primarily act as film producers. This is not generally true.

-    The companies provide lots of funding to film producers, making it possible for big budget movies to be done.

-    Example:  the success of Black Swan led 20^th Century Fox to provide the opportunity to director Darren Aronofsky to direct the upcoming Wolverine 2.

-    20^th Century Fox gave the opportunity to Aronofsky and his production company Protozoa film to produce the film.

-    However all or most funding will still be coming from 20^th century fox, and the movie when finished will be considered a 20 the century fox movies.

-   Profits for mainstream movies come from:

o   Cinemas (sometimes cover the while costs)

o   Worldwide distribution (eg DVD, VHS, Blu Ray)

o   Merchandise (toys, gadgets, key chains, stickers)

Funding Independent Film

-    Unlike mainstream film, independent film producers have to work really hard for funding.

-     An independent film is considered independent if less than 50% of its funding is provided by major film studios. 

-    Funding for independent film can come from:

o   Government agencies such as Malta film fund or UK film Council

o   Transnational, such as MEDIA program of the EU.

o   Donations

o   Co-production treaties between entities.

 The World Cinema Fund was set up as cooperation between up as a cooperation between the German Federal Cultural Foundation and the Berlin International Film Festival.

         It’s role is to fund movies from developing countries in order to promote cultural diversity!